Love spells that work fast, lost love spells that work fast by Prof Muluka. Love
spells to make the one you desire fall in love with you or to cause two
other people to fall in love with each other. If you need love spells
that work fast call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 or email
info@profmuluka.com . You can also visit http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Reconciliation love spells
Reconcile
the love with the one you desire or to cause two other people to
reconcile their love. If you have lost your love and all the efforts
that you have tried have failed and there is no way that you can get
your love back.
Lost love spells
Lost
love spell will bring your love back to you unconditionally. Also if
your love is with some one else then by the power of this spell your
love will break his or her relation and will be with you. Retrieve a
Lover Spell can bring two people back together when nothing else has
worked,when used with wisdom and respect.its results are life changing.
Real
powerful love spells are a force to be reckoned with.the resuls are
rquired.nothing is beyond your control,its up to you to make your dreams
areality.are you in love with someone who doesnt respond?with the power
of the love spell you will be able to create oppotunities that never
existed.
Attraction Spells
Attraction
spells can be directed towards aspecial person or a soulmate, they are
known to be accurate and consistent spells that work. If you need love
spells that work fast call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 or email
info@profmuluka.com . You can also visit http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Marriage spells
Marriage
comittment spells are used in a variety of of situations.they can be
used heal a persons insecurities in terms of commitment.allowig a
marriege to take place.it can also assist with family members and
friends approving of the marriage and welcoming the relationship.when
family members dont approve of a relationship it throws everything off
balance.
Lover Come Back to Me Amulet
Have you ever
felt like a relationship of yours has ended soo soon? May be if given
another chance it could work.since no situatons are alike,another option
is to have a customised love spell done to ensure specific results.when
the use of customisation is put into play,magic happens! literally! if
you are ever unsure as to which spell is best for your situation then
feel free to contact me
Beauty spells
Breast
enlargement spells and male enhancement spells. both will increase size
permanently.other beauty spells that i offer include hair growth
spells,eye changing spells.beauty spells are anatural way to enhance
your features without intrusive surgery or other harmful methods and yes
ths are real spells that work.
Steamy Sex Spell
Now
you can expirience hot sex the way you do it in your mind.if you were
glasses be sure to and prepared to clean them as the potent spell will
steam them immidiately the spell is cast. If you need love spells that
work fast call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 or email
info@profmuluka.com . You can also visit http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Changer her/his mind spell
This
spell is designed to clear the air, to clarify misunderstandings and to
accentuate the positive aspects of your relationship. Instant
compatibilityFirst impressions are critical, and this spell focuses on
you looking your best, projecting confidence, and performing at the top
of your game.
Quick reconciliation
This
spell is specifically designed to open the lines of communication, to
clarify what caused the split, and to repair the relationship
"permanently" - in double-quick time.
Relationship Problem
This
spell is designed to awaken your partner to all the wonderful
attributes this person saw in you at the time you first met. Bring
her/him homeIf you are despondent, anguished, and afraid to face the
future alone, without your partner, this spell is designed to penetrate
the heart and soul of your loved one and to convince them to return to
you - not next year or next month, but now!
Alone no more
This
spell is designed to expand your aura so the right person will be
touched by it and drawn to your side -- mesmerized by your warmth, your
smile, and all the wonderful attributes that make you the incredible
person you truly are Order this spell if you feel that your sex life
should go to the next level.you want to bring exctement and pleasure in
the bedroom.
Weight Loss Spell
The
spell makes you lose weight,once cast it do miracles for you within no
time. Le Cherie Spell The lovers world,paris comes magical spell to help
you re-unite alover.Marry Me SpellDont wait tie the knot If you need
love spells that work fast call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 or
email info@profmuluka.com . You can also visit http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Love
spells will help you with all your love complications with my love
spells for women and love spells for men looking to find love. If you
are a woman looking for love, Prof Muluka is there to help you with his
powerful magic love spells to help you get the man you want fall in love
with you, get married to you and have a loving, lasting, happy,
intimate and passionate marriage with the man of your dreams.
Prof
Muluka's love spells for women are for all women of all ages and
status. The greatest thing about Hamza's love spells for women is that
they are 100% guaranteed to work. His love spells work for all types of
men from love spells for signle men, love spells for married men and
love spells for divorced men.
Prof Muluka provides
customised love spells for men and women of all types, backgrounds,
status, age, religion or creed. The wish of every man/woman is to have a
woman/man that loves them and understands them. We all want to fall in
love and find our soul mate that person who will love and care for us
for the rest of our lives.
Prof Muluka's love spells have
many success stories of people, men, women, families, lovers and
divorcees who have been re-united with their loved ones or who I have
helped using my powerful love spells to find their soul mates.
Attract a New Love
If
you're ready to attract a new love into your life, then this might be
just the spell you've been looking for! Within a day or two of
casting this spell most people notice that they're getting more
looks, more attention and more comments from potential new loves.
Most people say they feel like they've been turned into an attraction
magnet, attracting better types of people than they've ever attracted
before! People will find you more alluring, more attractive, and more
than ever before!
More Than Friends
If
you have a good friend and you would like your friendship to move to
the next level, if you would like your friendship to be more of a
romantic relationship, but you're not quite sure how to do that without
it ruining your friendship, then this might be just the spell you've
been looking for! This spell has a great way of opening doors of
opportunity to move your friendship in a romantic direction, but in a
gentle and non-threatening way so that your friendship will not be
damaged!
Making Up
just
not getting along very well with them and you'd like favorable
circumstances in which to make up, this might be just the spell you've
been looking for! After casting this spell the first thing most
people notice is numerous "coincidences" that help smooth things over
and create just the right atmosphere to make up. It helps to make both
of you more willing to listen and talk things through and work things
out in a constructive way!
Rejuvenate a Dying Love
If
your relationship seems to be growing more distant, and is losing
it's passion and romance, then this might be just the spell you've
been looking for! Subtle
changes will begin occurring in your
relationship that helps to open up the lines of communication and help
to rekindle the romance between you! You begin to focus more and more
on the things you have in common instead of your
differences!
These changes begin to get stronger and more powerful until you find
your relationship growing closer and closer instead of growing apart.
If you need love spells that work fast call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367
2940 or email info@profmuluka.com . You can also visit http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Mend a Broken Heart
You’ve been through the hard part of trying everything you could think of and
nothing
worked. You’ve gone through the break-up, and you realize that
there’s noting left to do but to move on. But, your heart has been
broken and you don’t know how or where to start "moving on". This
spell will help you to focus on moving in a more positive direction,
one step at a time. It will begin to open up opportunities to build
yourself up and strengthen your inner being in such a way that you
actually begin to feel empowered by what you’ve been through! Not only
will you find yourself moving on, but you’ll find yourself moving in
a much more positive direction. The funny thing is, that others
around you actually start feeling empowered just by being around your
positive energy!
Breaking Up With You
If
you really want to break up with someone, but you're not quite sure
what to say or how to go about doing it, this might be just the spell
you're looking for!This spell has a great way of creating the best
circumstances for breaking up with someone under the best conditions.
After casting this spell, the first thing
most people notice a
lot of little "coincidences" that create just the rightconditions to
make your break up as easy as possible!
Banish a Past Lover
If
you've ended a relationship with someone and they just won't accept
that it's over, if they keep calling you, writing to you, or even
worse, if they keep coming over, then this might be just the spell
you've been looking for! Within a day or two of casting this spell
most people notice an inner feeling like a huge sigh of relief! Then,
the past lover begins to attempt contact less and less often, and what
usually happens next is other people will begin to get involved in
the situation in such a way that the past lovers attention is
diverted away from you and they have someone or something else to
focus their energy on!
Prof Muluka is a psychic
healer & traditional healer who helps people from all over the world
with his herbs & spells. +256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
Love spells that work fast
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Email : info@profmuluka.com
www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Monday, 4 November 2013
Wednesday, 30 October 2013
How to get back with your ex boyfriend
Your relationship with a special guy has come and gone, but now you want him back. Here's how to turn that ex-boyfriend into your significant other once again! Follow these steps to help you out. They might not just let you win him back but make him love you even more then the last time you were together!
Consider why it is you two broke up in the first place. Do you just want him back just because you can't accept the idea that he does not want you? Or maybe you just like the idea of having a boyfriend? Or you really do like him? Were you one (or both) of you abusive, controlling, mean, or possessive? Did one (or both) cheat? If any of these things happened, you'll want to think long and hard about going back to that kind of relationship, but if you do still want him back, try the following steps.
Be the person he fell in love with. He was attracted to you because he felt good with you, and you were fulfilling his emotional needs. How have you changed? Correct bad habits and mistakes, if any. Be positive around him. Laugh and smile. Always stay positive to feel good about yourself and make friends around you feel good because of you.
Prepare your first words. The first thing that you say to your ex boyfriend is extremely important. If you say the wrong words, you will lose the chance to get your ex boyfriend back. Do not react to his request for a breakup by crying and begging him to come back. This will not work. You are just going to make him feel more irritated with you and drive him further away. You need to understand that even though he initiates the breakup, there is a good chance that he still harbors good feelings for you.
Use the past to your advantage. If he complimented a particular outfit, wear it again. Or, share a lighthearted memory with him. If you have a chance to meet him, do it in a familiar place you used to enjoy good times together.
Listen carefully to his choice of words. He may say something unusual. If he ever uses an unusual or uncommon word, use it also in your conversations. This subconsciously tells him that he and you have a common way of talking.
Find out if your ex still cares. Before you start doing anything to try and win him back, you need to know for sure that he still cares. If he not, and you are still desperate to get him back, then you need to think of the subtlest ways to get him start to care again, even just a little. Knowing that your ex still cares about you is the most important sign that things can still be mended. You should not start on anything before you are sure that your ex still has some amount of concern when it comes to you.
Casually ask if he'd like to do something non-committal, like having a drink with friends, playing miniature golf, playing tennis, etc. Something friends or first dates can do. And whatever it is, keep it fun. Leave out the serious talks for the time being. You'll have plenty of time to talk about that later. That is very intimidating to a lot of guys. However, if he initiates it, follow his lead. But don't go heavy.
Let him know you have been thinking about him. Remind him of that one time the two of you went to dinner at that great new restaurant and had a fabulous time? Leave him a short email telling him you ate there recently and thought of him. And, by the way, ask how he is doing. This is a non-threatening way to have a light conversation, which would not make him uncomfortable.
Invite him to talk to you. Express regret that things didn't work out between the two of you. Ask him if you can talk about it now that you have some perspective.
Pay some attention to your appearance if you have been neglecting yourself in that department. Get your nails and hair done. Take a nice warm bubble bath, and pick out a nice outfit.
Stop caring about how people perceive you. The fact is, it really doesn't matter. It's impossible to be yourself when you're caught up in wondering "Do they think I'm funny? Does she think I'm fat? Do they think I'm stupid?" To be yourself, you've got to let go of these concerns and just let your behavior flow, with only your consideration of others as a filter --—not their consideration of you.
If you just broke up (less than a couple of weeks) completely ignore him. He will call you if he still likes you. If he doesn't, then nothing you say or do will change that. (This works unless you are dealing with a guy who thinks that if you don't care enough to try to save the relationship. Sometimes, ignoring him makes him feel that you are perfectly fine without him and are moving on, which is the exact opposite of what you want when you are trying to get back with your man. Be sure you know exactly what type of guy you are dealing with when trying to get him back.)
Remember, no situation is hopeless. Every day, couples get back together regardless of the situation.
Find other things to focus on. If you focus your attention on a new activity, you will have less time to miss your ex-boyfriend. You will feel stronger and more in control of your life. If you are still in contact, your ex boyfriend will notice that you have "moved on" and hopefully will start having second thoughts.
Prof Muluka is a psychic healer & traditional healer who helps people from all over the world with his herbs & spells. +256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
Consider why it is you two broke up in the first place. Do you just want him back just because you can't accept the idea that he does not want you? Or maybe you just like the idea of having a boyfriend? Or you really do like him? Were you one (or both) of you abusive, controlling, mean, or possessive? Did one (or both) cheat? If any of these things happened, you'll want to think long and hard about going back to that kind of relationship, but if you do still want him back, try the following steps.
Be the person he fell in love with. He was attracted to you because he felt good with you, and you were fulfilling his emotional needs. How have you changed? Correct bad habits and mistakes, if any. Be positive around him. Laugh and smile. Always stay positive to feel good about yourself and make friends around you feel good because of you.
Prepare your first words. The first thing that you say to your ex boyfriend is extremely important. If you say the wrong words, you will lose the chance to get your ex boyfriend back. Do not react to his request for a breakup by crying and begging him to come back. This will not work. You are just going to make him feel more irritated with you and drive him further away. You need to understand that even though he initiates the breakup, there is a good chance that he still harbors good feelings for you.
Use the past to your advantage. If he complimented a particular outfit, wear it again. Or, share a lighthearted memory with him. If you have a chance to meet him, do it in a familiar place you used to enjoy good times together.
Listen carefully to his choice of words. He may say something unusual. If he ever uses an unusual or uncommon word, use it also in your conversations. This subconsciously tells him that he and you have a common way of talking.
Find out if your ex still cares. Before you start doing anything to try and win him back, you need to know for sure that he still cares. If he not, and you are still desperate to get him back, then you need to think of the subtlest ways to get him start to care again, even just a little. Knowing that your ex still cares about you is the most important sign that things can still be mended. You should not start on anything before you are sure that your ex still has some amount of concern when it comes to you.
Casually ask if he'd like to do something non-committal, like having a drink with friends, playing miniature golf, playing tennis, etc. Something friends or first dates can do. And whatever it is, keep it fun. Leave out the serious talks for the time being. You'll have plenty of time to talk about that later. That is very intimidating to a lot of guys. However, if he initiates it, follow his lead. But don't go heavy.
Let him know you have been thinking about him. Remind him of that one time the two of you went to dinner at that great new restaurant and had a fabulous time? Leave him a short email telling him you ate there recently and thought of him. And, by the way, ask how he is doing. This is a non-threatening way to have a light conversation, which would not make him uncomfortable.
Invite him to talk to you. Express regret that things didn't work out between the two of you. Ask him if you can talk about it now that you have some perspective.
Pay some attention to your appearance if you have been neglecting yourself in that department. Get your nails and hair done. Take a nice warm bubble bath, and pick out a nice outfit.
Stop caring about how people perceive you. The fact is, it really doesn't matter. It's impossible to be yourself when you're caught up in wondering "Do they think I'm funny? Does she think I'm fat? Do they think I'm stupid?" To be yourself, you've got to let go of these concerns and just let your behavior flow, with only your consideration of others as a filter --—not their consideration of you.
If you just broke up (less than a couple of weeks) completely ignore him. He will call you if he still likes you. If he doesn't, then nothing you say or do will change that. (This works unless you are dealing with a guy who thinks that if you don't care enough to try to save the relationship. Sometimes, ignoring him makes him feel that you are perfectly fine without him and are moving on, which is the exact opposite of what you want when you are trying to get back with your man. Be sure you know exactly what type of guy you are dealing with when trying to get him back.)
Remember, no situation is hopeless. Every day, couples get back together regardless of the situation.
Find other things to focus on. If you focus your attention on a new activity, you will have less time to miss your ex-boyfriend. You will feel stronger and more in control of your life. If you are still in contact, your ex boyfriend will notice that you have "moved on" and hopefully will start having second thoughts.
Prof Muluka is a psychic healer & traditional healer who helps people from all over the world with his herbs & spells. +256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
Monday, 28 October 2013
Does God exist
The universe had a start - what caused it?
Scientists
are convinced that our universe began with one enormous explosion of
energy and light, which we now call the Big Bang. This was the singular
start to everything that exists: the beginning of the universe, the
start of space, and even the initial start of time itself.
Astrophysicist
Robert Jastrow, a self-described agnostic, stated, "The seed of
everything that has happened in the Universe was planted in that first
instant; every star, every planet and every living creature in the
Universe came into being as a result of events that were set in motion
in the moment of the cosmic explosion...The Universe flashed into being,
and we cannot find out what caused that to happen."9
Steven
Weinberg, a Nobel laureate in Physics, said at the moment of this
explosion, "the universe was about a hundred thousands million degrees
Centigrade...and the universe was filled with light."10
The
universe has not always existed. It had a start...what caused that?
Scientists have no explanation for the sudden explosion of light and
matter.
Compiled by Prof Muluka
Thursday, 29 August 2013
Gondwana archeological find
The small, predatory creatures, which would have snacked on the world's first primitive insects and millipedes, were almost the length of a modern-day pencil. Dubbed Gondwanascorpio emsantsiensis by its discoverer Dr Robert Gess, a researcher at the time with the Bernard Price Institute of Palaeontological Research, details of the new species have been published in the latest volume of the scientific journal, African Invertebrates.
The tiny fossils were found compressed between layers of shale taken from a road cutting near Grahamstown. "They are very delicate, and silvery-white in colour against the dark background of the rock," Gess told Sapa. He said the pincers and the tail segment and sting were found separately, and were not from the same individual.
He had found both fossils while carefully splitting apart small slabs of shale from the site, and was "totally thrilled" by the discovery. "One knows one's found something very significant," he said.
Back in the Devonian, between 420 and 360 million years ago, the world consisted of two supercontinents: Laurasia, comprising North America, Europe and Asia; and the southerly Gondwana, including Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica and India.
The two were separated by a deep ocean. Gess said that although it was known that Laurasia was inhabited by diverse invertebrates before and during the Devonian, "until now, we had no evidence that the early plant life of Gondwana was similarly inhabited". For the first time, it was now known that not just scorpions, but whatever they were preying on were already present in the Devonian.
"We know now that Gondwana, like Laurasia, had a complex terrestrial ecosystem, comprised of invertebrates and plants, by the end of the Devonian. "It too, therefore, had all the elements to sustain terrestrial vertebrate life that emerged around this time, or slightly later," he said. Among other fossils found by Gess in rocks from the Eastern Cape site are 20 types of fish and a range of different land plants.
At the time these existed, the area was on the edge of a high latitude coastal lagoon.
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer with a keen interest in the origins of humanity, athropology & herbal medicine.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
www.profmuluka.com/traditional-healer.html
Oatmeal to heal Eczema
Oatmeal to heal Eczema
Whether it’s used as a paste or poured into a bath, most experts recommend choosing colloidal (finely ground) oatmeal and soaking the affected area for at least 15 minutes.
In addition to reducing inflammation, oats are thought to have an antihistamine effect, by lowering levels of histamine, which triggers inflammation as part of the immune system’s recovery response, she explains, oats prevent or reduce the redness.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka..com
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer & psychic with powerful herbs & spells to heal disease and spiritual problems in your life.
http://www.profmuluka.com/traditional-healer.html
Whether it’s used as a paste or poured into a bath, most experts recommend choosing colloidal (finely ground) oatmeal and soaking the affected area for at least 15 minutes.
In addition to reducing inflammation, oats are thought to have an antihistamine effect, by lowering levels of histamine, which triggers inflammation as part of the immune system’s recovery response, she explains, oats prevent or reduce the redness.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka..com
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer & psychic with powerful herbs & spells to heal disease and spiritual problems in your life.
http://www.profmuluka.com/traditional-healer.html
Spiritual healing
Spiritual healing, spiritual cleansing
and energy healing by Prof Muluka to heal mental disorders, get rid
of ghosts, banish evil forces, solve financial problems, ancestral
problems and physical ailments.
Prof Muluka as a powerful spiritual
healer discovered that most people problems have their root and
causes in the spiritual world
I use my spiritual powers to overcome
the spiritual root cases of your problems in life that may mnifest
themselves as financial problems, health problems, demonic
possessions, mental disorders and more.
To adequately solve spiritual problems
I need to diagnose effectively to find out the root causes of your
problems, which is why full disclosure is necessary for full and
complete spiritual healing.
Spiritual healing is a term known to
many. However it means different things to different people. In this
article we define what we mean by the phrase spiritual healing and
discuss the principles behind how it works.
The entire premise and perspective of
this article is based on the purpose of life, one of which is to grow
spiritually and help others not merely at worldly level but with the
focus to grow spiritually. The more we are aligned to helping a
person grow spiritually when we practice spiritual healing, the less
we risk being misaligned with the purpose of life and a resultant
reduction in our spiritual capability to heal.
Spiritual research has shown us that up
to 80% of problems in our lives have their root in the spiritual
dimension. We have covered the various aspects of how the spiritual
dimension affects our life under the section on Spiritual causes of
difficulties. Spiritual healing is defined as overcoming the
spiritual root causes of problems by spiritual means.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Wednesday, 28 August 2013
Traditional medicine
Traditional African medicine is a holistic discipline involving
indigenous herbalism and African spirituality, typically involving
diviners, midwives, and herbalists.
Practitioners of traditional African medicine claim to be able to cure various and diverse conditions such as cancers, psychiatric disorders, high blood pressure, cholera, most venereal diseases, epilepsy, asthma, eczema, fever, anxiety, depression, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections, gout, and healing of wounds and burns.
Diagnosis is reached through spiritual means and a treatment is prescribed, usually consisting of an herbal remedy that has not only healing abilities, but symbolic and spiritual significance.
Traditional African medicine, with its belief that illness is not derived from chance occurrences, but through spiritual or social imbalance, differs greatly from Western medicine, which is technically and analytically based.
In the 21st century, modern pharmaceuticals and medical procedures remain inaccessible to large numbers of African people due to their relatively high cost and concentration of health centres in urban centres. In recent years, African medical practitioners have acknowledged that they have much to learn from traditional medical practice.
Colonial era
Modern science has, in the past, considered methods of traditional knowledge as primitive and backward. Under colonial rule, traditional diviner-healers were outlawed because they were considered by many nations to be practitioners of witchcraft and declared illegal by the colonial authorities, creating a war against witchcraft and magic. During this time, attempts were also made to control the sale of herbal medicines.
After Mozambique obtained independence in 1975, attempts to control traditional medicine went as far as sending diviner-healers to re-education camps. As colonialism and Christianity spread through Africa, colonialists built general hospitals and Christian missionaries built private ones, with the hopes of making headway against widespread diseases.
Little was done to investigate the legitimacy of these practices, as many foreigners believed that the native medical practices were pagan and superstitious and could only be suitably fixed by inheriting Western methods.
During times of conflict, opposition has been particularly vehement as people are more likely to call on the supernatural realm. Consequently, doctors and health practitioners have, in most cases, continued to shun traditional practitioners despite their contribution to meeting the basic health needs of the population.
Modern period
In recent years, the treatments and remedies used in traditional African medicine have gained more appreciation from researchers in Western science. Developing countries have begun to realize the high costs of modern health care systems and the technologies that are required, thus proving Africa's dependence to it.
Due to this, interest has recently been expressed in integrating traditional African medicine into the continent's national health care systems. An African healer embraced this concept by making a 48-bed hospital, the first of its kind, in Kwa-Mhlanga, South Africa, which combines traditional methods with homeopathy, iridology, and other Western healing methods, even including some traditional Asian medicine.
However, the highly sophisticated technology involved in modern medicine, which is beginning to integrate into Africa's health care system, could possibly destroy Africa's deep-seated cultural values.
Diagnostics
The diagnoses and chosen methods of treatment in traditional African medicine rely heavily on spiritual aspects, often based on the belief that psycho-spiritual aspects should be addressed before medical aspects. In African culture, it is believed that "nobody becomes sick without sufficient reason."
Traditional practitioners look at the ultimate "who" rather than the "what" when locating the cause and cure of an illness, and the answers given come from the cosmological beliefs of the people.
Rather than looking to the medical or physical reasons behind an illness, traditional healers attempt to determine the root cause underlying it, which is believed to stem from a lack of balance between the patient and his or her social environment or the spiritual world, not by natural causes.
Natural causes are, in fact, not seen as natural at all, but manipulations of spirits or the gods. For example, sickness is sometimes said to be attributed to guilt by the person, family, or village for a sin or moral infringement. The illness, therefore, would stem from the displeasure of the gods or God, due to an infraction of universal moral law.
According to the type of imbalance the individual is experiencing, an appropriate healing plant will be used, which is valued for its symbolic and spiritual significance as well as for its medicinal effect.
When a person falls ill, a traditional practitioner uses incantations to make a diagnosis. Incantations are thought to give the air of mystical and cosmic connections. Divination is typically used if the illness is not easily identified, otherwise, the sickness may be quickly diagnosed and given a remedy.
If divination is required, then the practitioner will advise the patient to consult a diviner who can further give a diagnosis and cure. Contact with the spirit world through divination often requires not only medication, but sacrifices.
Treatments
Traditional practitioners use a wide variety of treatments ranging from "magic" to biomedical methods such as fasting and dieting, herbal therapies, bathing, massage, and surgical procedures. Migraines, coughs, abscesses, and pleurisy are often cured using the method of "bleed-cupping" after which an herbal ointment is applied with follow-up herbal drugs.
Animals are also sometimes used to transfer the illness to afterward. Some cultures also rub hot herbal ointment across the patient's eyelids to cure Headaches. Malaria is cured by both drinking and using the steam from an herbal mixture. Fevers are often cured using a steam bath.
Also, vomiting is induced, or emetics, to cure some diseases. For example, raw beef is soaked in the drink of an alcoholic person to induce vomiting and nausea and cure alcoholism. In Bight of Benin, the natives have been known to use the fat of a boa constrictor to cure gout and rheumatism, it also is thought to relieve chest pain when rubbed into the skin.
Medicinal plants
Africa is endowed with many plants that can be used for medicinal purposes to which they have taken full advantage. In fact, out of the approximated 6400 plant species used in tropical Africa, more than 4000 are used as medicinal plants.
Medicinal plants are used in the treatments of many diseases and illnesses, the uses and effects of which are of growing interest to Western societies.
Not only are plants used and chosen for their healing abilities, but they also often have symbolic and spiritual significance.
For example, leaves, seeds, and twigs that are white, black and red are seen as especially symbolic or magical and possess special properties.
Preparing and drying out freshly dug traditional medicines (muti)
Of the 16 plants, Amaranthus dubius, Amaranthus hybridus, Asystasia gangetica, Galinsoga parviflora, Justicia flava, Oxygonum sinuatum, Physalis viscosa, and Tulbaghia violacea were found to have some positive effects, with the latter proving to be the most promising with the ability to lower one's blood pressure.
Spirituality
Famous Bedik diviner outside Iwol, southeast Senegal (West Africa). He predicted outcomes by examining the color of the organs of sacrificed chickens.
Some healers may employ the use of charms, incantations, and the casting of spells in their treatments. The dualistic nature of traditional African medicine between the body and soul, matter, and spirit and their interactions with one another are also seen as a form of magic. Richard Onwuanibe gives one form of magic the name "Extra-Sensory-Trojection."
This is the belief among the Ibos of Nigeria that medicine men can implant something into a person from a distance to inflict sickness on them. This is referred to by the Ibos asegba ogwu. To remove the malignant object, the intervention of a second medicine man is typically required, who then removes it by making an incision in the patient.
Egba ogwu involves psychokinetic processes. Another form of magic used by these practitioners, which is more widely known, is sympathetic magic, in which a model is made of the victim. Actions performed on the model are transferred to the victim, in a manner similar to the familiar voodoo doll.
"In cases where spirits of deceased relatives trouble the living and cause illness, medicine men prescribe remedies, often in the form of propitiatory sacrifice, in order to put them to rest so that they will no longer trouble the living, especially children."
Using charms and amulets to cure diseases and illnesses is an uncertain and clouded practice that requires more scientific investigation.
In African cultures, the act of healing is considered a religious act. Therefore, the healing process often attempts to appeal to God because it is ultimately God who can not only inflict sickness, but provide a cure.
Africans have a religious world view which makes them aware of the feasibility of divine or spirit intervention in healing with many healers referring to the supreme god as the source of their medical power.
For example, the !Kung people of the Kalahari Desert believe that the great God Hishe created all things and, therefore, controls all sickness and death. Hishe, however, bestows mystical powers for curing sickness on certain men. Hishe presents himself to these medicine men in dreams and hallucinations, giving them curative power.
Because this god is generous enough to give this power to the medicine men, they are expected to practice healing freely. The !Kung medicine men effect a cure by performing a tribal dance.Loma Marshall, who took expeditions to South West Africa with her family to study the !Kung people, writing two books on their findings, describes the ceremonial curing dance as follows:
Traditional medicinal practitioners
Many traditional medicinal practitioners are people without education, who have rather received knowledge of medicinal plants and their effects on the human body from their forebears.
They have a deep and personal involvement in the healing process and protect the therapeutic knowledge by keeping it a secret.
Successful Cesarean section performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, Uganda. As observed by R. W. Felkin in 1879.
In a manner similar to orthodox medicinal practice, the practitioners of traditional medicine specialize in particular areas of their profession. Some, such as the inyangas of Swaziland are experts in herbalism, whilst others, such as the South African sangomas, are experts in spiritual healing as diviners, and others specialize in a combination of both forms of practice. There are also traditional bone setters and birth attendants.
Herbalists are becoming more and more popular in Africa with an emerging herb trading market in Durban that is said to attract between 700,000 and 900,000 traders per year from South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Smaller trade markets exist in virtually every community.
Their knowledge of herbs has been invaluable in African communities and they were the only ones who could gather them in most societies. Midwives also make extensive use of indigenous plants to aid childbirth. African healers commonly "describe and explain illness in terms of social interaction and act on the belief that religion permeates every aspect of human existence."
Payments
Traditional healers, like any other profession, are rewarded for their services. In African societies, the payment for a treatment depends on its efficacy.
They do not request payment until after the treatment is given. This is another reason many prefer traditional healers to western doctors who require payment before the patient has assessed the effectiveness of the treatment.
The payment methods have changed over time, with many practitioners now asking for monetary payment, especially in urban settings, rather than their receiving good in exchange, as happened formerly.
Learning the trade
Some healers learn the trade through personal experience while being treated as a patient who decide to become healers upon recovery. Others become traditional practitioners through a "spiritual calling" and, therefore, their diagnoses and treatments are decided through the supernatural.
In some cultures, a sign of calling can come from mental disarrangement said to be caused by agwu Nshi, the spirit of divining, through which the healer gains inspiration. Through this training, psychological stability is eventually attained.
Another route is receive the knowledge and skills passed down informally from a close family member such as a father or uncle, or even a mother or aunt in the case of midwives. Apprenticeship to an established practitioner, who formally teaches the trade over a long period of time and is paid for their tutoring, is another route to becoming a healer.
The training is complex, depending on the kind of medical practice that the aspiring practitioner wants to be a part of. Once the trainee is officially initiated as a healer, they are, in some societies, considered to be half-man and half spirit, possessing the power to mediate between the human and supernatural world to invoke spiritual power in their healing processes.
Importance
In Africa, the importance of traditional healers and remedies made from indigenous plants play a crucial role in the health of millions. According to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), one estimate puts the number of Africans who routinely use these services for primary health care as high as 85% in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The relative ratios of traditional practitioners and university trained doctors in relation to the whole population in African countries showcases this importance. For example, in Ghana, in Kwahu district, for every traditional practitioner there are 224 people, against one university trained doctor for nearly 21,000. In Swaziland, the same situation applies, where for every healer there are 110 people whereas for every university trained doctor there are 10,000 people.
According to Nairobi-based specialist in biodiversity and traditional medicine with the IDRC Francois Gasengayire, there is one healer for every 200 people in the Southern Africa region which is a much greater doctor-to-patient ratio than is found in North America.
Ratios of doctors (practicing Western medicine) and traditional medical practitioners to patients in east and southern Africa:[2]
*TMP refers to Traditional Medical Practitioner
Note: References with an asterisk are in Cunningham, 1993.[2]
This table showing the ratio of traditional medical practitioner to patient and Western practitioner to patient shows that in many parts of Africa, practitioners trained in Western medicine are few and far between. Because of this, healers prove to be a large and influential group in primary health care and an integral part of the African culture and are required for the health of its people. Without them, many people would go untreated.
Medications and treatments that Western pharmaceutical companies manufacture are far too costly and not available widely enough for most Africans. Many rural African communities are not able to afford the high price of pharmaceuticals and can not readily obtain them even if they were affordable; therefore, healers are their only means of medical help.
According to Dr. Sekagya Yahaya Hills, who is a university-trained dentist and a traditional healer in Uganda, there are promising signs that some of the plant-based remedies offered by medicine-men are not just affordable, but also effective, even in treating AIDS.
Dr. Hills read his Declaration of Traditional Healers at the 13th International Conference on AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Africa, which summarized the important role of traditional medicine, stating: "As traditional healers, we are the most trusted and accessible health care providers in our communities.
We have varied and valuable experience in treating AIDS-related illness and accept the great responsibility of continuing to do so."
Because this form of medicine is "the most affordable and accessible system of health care for the majority of the African rural population," the African Union declared 2001 to 2010 to be the Decade for African Traditional Medicine with the goal of making "safe, efficacious, quality, and affordable traditional medicines available to the vast majority of the people."
Relationship with Western medicine
Although Western medicine is successful in developed countries, it doesn't have the same positive impact in many of the underdeveloped African countries. Though Western practices can make an impact in health care practices, in certain areas such as in the spread of various diseases, it cannot integrate wholly into the culture and society. This makes the traditional African practitioners a vital part of their health care system.
There are many reasons why the Western medical system does not work in Africa. Hospitals and medical facilities are difficult for many Africans to get to. With vast areas of land and poor road and transportation systems, many native Africans have to travel immense distances on foot to reach help.
Once they arrive they are often required to wait in line for up to 8 hours, especially in urban areas, as the lack of clinics and resources cause over-crowding. Patients are often not told the cause of their illness or much information about it all, so they have no way to prevent or prepare for it. The technology used is usually of poor quality, which affects the quality of treatment.
Western medicine is also too expensive for the average African to afford, making it difficult for them to receive proper care. Finally, Western medicine removes native Africans from the culture and tradition and forces them into a setting that they are not comfortable with, away from their family and traditions which are of utmost importance to them. They do not get the proper spiritual healing that their culture seeks and traditional ideology requires.
However, there has been more interest expressed recently in the effects of some of the medicinal plants of Africa. "The pharmaceutical industry has come to consider traditional medicine as a source for identification of bio-active agents that can be used in the preparation of synthetic medicine."
Pharmaceutical industries are looking into the medicinal effects of the most commonly and widely used plants to use in drugs.
It's apparent that there are some things that can be learned from traditional African practice. In comparing the techniques of African healers and Western techniques, Dr. T. Adeoze Lambo, a Nigerian psychiatrist, stated, "At about three years ago, we made an evaluation, a programme of their work, and compared this with our own, and we discovered that actually they were scoring almost sixty percent success in their treatment of neurosis. And we were scoring forty percent-in fact, less than forty percent."
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
http://www.profmuluka.com/traditional-healer.html
info@profmuluka.com
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Practitioners of traditional African medicine claim to be able to cure various and diverse conditions such as cancers, psychiatric disorders, high blood pressure, cholera, most venereal diseases, epilepsy, asthma, eczema, fever, anxiety, depression, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections, gout, and healing of wounds and burns.
Diagnosis is reached through spiritual means and a treatment is prescribed, usually consisting of an herbal remedy that has not only healing abilities, but symbolic and spiritual significance.
Traditional African medicine, with its belief that illness is not derived from chance occurrences, but through spiritual or social imbalance, differs greatly from Western medicine, which is technically and analytically based.
In the 21st century, modern pharmaceuticals and medical procedures remain inaccessible to large numbers of African people due to their relatively high cost and concentration of health centres in urban centres. In recent years, African medical practitioners have acknowledged that they have much to learn from traditional medical practice.
Colonial era
Modern science has, in the past, considered methods of traditional knowledge as primitive and backward. Under colonial rule, traditional diviner-healers were outlawed because they were considered by many nations to be practitioners of witchcraft and declared illegal by the colonial authorities, creating a war against witchcraft and magic. During this time, attempts were also made to control the sale of herbal medicines.
After Mozambique obtained independence in 1975, attempts to control traditional medicine went as far as sending diviner-healers to re-education camps. As colonialism and Christianity spread through Africa, colonialists built general hospitals and Christian missionaries built private ones, with the hopes of making headway against widespread diseases.
Little was done to investigate the legitimacy of these practices, as many foreigners believed that the native medical practices were pagan and superstitious and could only be suitably fixed by inheriting Western methods.
During times of conflict, opposition has been particularly vehement as people are more likely to call on the supernatural realm. Consequently, doctors and health practitioners have, in most cases, continued to shun traditional practitioners despite their contribution to meeting the basic health needs of the population.
Modern period
In recent years, the treatments and remedies used in traditional African medicine have gained more appreciation from researchers in Western science. Developing countries have begun to realize the high costs of modern health care systems and the technologies that are required, thus proving Africa's dependence to it.
Due to this, interest has recently been expressed in integrating traditional African medicine into the continent's national health care systems. An African healer embraced this concept by making a 48-bed hospital, the first of its kind, in Kwa-Mhlanga, South Africa, which combines traditional methods with homeopathy, iridology, and other Western healing methods, even including some traditional Asian medicine.
However, the highly sophisticated technology involved in modern medicine, which is beginning to integrate into Africa's health care system, could possibly destroy Africa's deep-seated cultural values.
Diagnostics
The diagnoses and chosen methods of treatment in traditional African medicine rely heavily on spiritual aspects, often based on the belief that psycho-spiritual aspects should be addressed before medical aspects. In African culture, it is believed that "nobody becomes sick without sufficient reason."
Traditional practitioners look at the ultimate "who" rather than the "what" when locating the cause and cure of an illness, and the answers given come from the cosmological beliefs of the people.
Rather than looking to the medical or physical reasons behind an illness, traditional healers attempt to determine the root cause underlying it, which is believed to stem from a lack of balance between the patient and his or her social environment or the spiritual world, not by natural causes.
Natural causes are, in fact, not seen as natural at all, but manipulations of spirits or the gods. For example, sickness is sometimes said to be attributed to guilt by the person, family, or village for a sin or moral infringement. The illness, therefore, would stem from the displeasure of the gods or God, due to an infraction of universal moral law.
According to the type of imbalance the individual is experiencing, an appropriate healing plant will be used, which is valued for its symbolic and spiritual significance as well as for its medicinal effect.
When a person falls ill, a traditional practitioner uses incantations to make a diagnosis. Incantations are thought to give the air of mystical and cosmic connections. Divination is typically used if the illness is not easily identified, otherwise, the sickness may be quickly diagnosed and given a remedy.
If divination is required, then the practitioner will advise the patient to consult a diviner who can further give a diagnosis and cure. Contact with the spirit world through divination often requires not only medication, but sacrifices.
Treatments
Traditional practitioners use a wide variety of treatments ranging from "magic" to biomedical methods such as fasting and dieting, herbal therapies, bathing, massage, and surgical procedures. Migraines, coughs, abscesses, and pleurisy are often cured using the method of "bleed-cupping" after which an herbal ointment is applied with follow-up herbal drugs.
Animals are also sometimes used to transfer the illness to afterward. Some cultures also rub hot herbal ointment across the patient's eyelids to cure Headaches. Malaria is cured by both drinking and using the steam from an herbal mixture. Fevers are often cured using a steam bath.
Also, vomiting is induced, or emetics, to cure some diseases. For example, raw beef is soaked in the drink of an alcoholic person to induce vomiting and nausea and cure alcoholism. In Bight of Benin, the natives have been known to use the fat of a boa constrictor to cure gout and rheumatism, it also is thought to relieve chest pain when rubbed into the skin.
Medicinal plants
Africa is endowed with many plants that can be used for medicinal purposes to which they have taken full advantage. In fact, out of the approximated 6400 plant species used in tropical Africa, more than 4000 are used as medicinal plants.
Medicinal plants are used in the treatments of many diseases and illnesses, the uses and effects of which are of growing interest to Western societies.
Not only are plants used and chosen for their healing abilities, but they also often have symbolic and spiritual significance.
For example, leaves, seeds, and twigs that are white, black and red are seen as especially symbolic or magical and possess special properties.
Preparing and drying out freshly dug traditional medicines (muti)
- Pygeum (Prunus africana): Pygeum is not only used in traditional African medicine, but has developed a following around the world, as a cure for mild-to-moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia, claimed by its users to increase the ease of urination and reduce inflammation and cholesterol deposits. In traditional African practice, the bark is made into tea, whereas elsewhere in the world it is found in powders, tinctures, and pills. Pygeum has been sold in Europe since the 1970s and is harvested in mass quantities in Cameroon and Madagascar each year.
- Securidaca Longepedunculata: This is a tropical plant found almost everywhere across the continent with different uses in every part of Africa. In Tanzania, the dried bark and root are used as a laxative for nervous system disorders, with one cup of the mixture being taken daily for two weeks. In East Africa, dried leaves from the plant are used in the treatment of wounds and sores, coughs, venereal diseases, and snakebites. In Malawi, the leaves are also used for wounds, coughs, venereal diseases, and snakebites, as well as bilharzia, and the dried leaves are used to cure headaches. In other parts of the continent, parts of the plant are used to cure skin diseases, malaria, impotence, epilepsy, and are also used as an aphrodisiac.
Of the 16 plants, Amaranthus dubius, Amaranthus hybridus, Asystasia gangetica, Galinsoga parviflora, Justicia flava, Oxygonum sinuatum, Physalis viscosa, and Tulbaghia violacea were found to have some positive effects, with the latter proving to be the most promising with the ability to lower one's blood pressure.
Spirituality
Famous Bedik diviner outside Iwol, southeast Senegal (West Africa). He predicted outcomes by examining the color of the organs of sacrificed chickens.
Some healers may employ the use of charms, incantations, and the casting of spells in their treatments. The dualistic nature of traditional African medicine between the body and soul, matter, and spirit and their interactions with one another are also seen as a form of magic. Richard Onwuanibe gives one form of magic the name "Extra-Sensory-Trojection."
This is the belief among the Ibos of Nigeria that medicine men can implant something into a person from a distance to inflict sickness on them. This is referred to by the Ibos asegba ogwu. To remove the malignant object, the intervention of a second medicine man is typically required, who then removes it by making an incision in the patient.
Egba ogwu involves psychokinetic processes. Another form of magic used by these practitioners, which is more widely known, is sympathetic magic, in which a model is made of the victim. Actions performed on the model are transferred to the victim, in a manner similar to the familiar voodoo doll.
"In cases where spirits of deceased relatives trouble the living and cause illness, medicine men prescribe remedies, often in the form of propitiatory sacrifice, in order to put them to rest so that they will no longer trouble the living, especially children."
Using charms and amulets to cure diseases and illnesses is an uncertain and clouded practice that requires more scientific investigation.
In African cultures, the act of healing is considered a religious act. Therefore, the healing process often attempts to appeal to God because it is ultimately God who can not only inflict sickness, but provide a cure.
Africans have a religious world view which makes them aware of the feasibility of divine or spirit intervention in healing with many healers referring to the supreme god as the source of their medical power.
For example, the !Kung people of the Kalahari Desert believe that the great God Hishe created all things and, therefore, controls all sickness and death. Hishe, however, bestows mystical powers for curing sickness on certain men. Hishe presents himself to these medicine men in dreams and hallucinations, giving them curative power.
Because this god is generous enough to give this power to the medicine men, they are expected to practice healing freely. The !Kung medicine men effect a cure by performing a tribal dance.Loma Marshall, who took expeditions to South West Africa with her family to study the !Kung people, writing two books on their findings, describes the ceremonial curing dance as follows:
At the dances not only may the sick be cured, but pending evil and misfortune averted. The !Kung believe that the great god may send Gauwa or the gauwas at any time with ill for someone and that these beings may be lurking awaiting their chance to inflict it. The medicine men in the dances combat them, drive them away, and protect the people.c Usually there are several medicine men performing at the same time. To cure they go into trance, which varies in depth as the eremony proceeds... When a man begins, he leaves the line of dancing men, and still singing, leans over the person he is going to cure, going eventually to every person present, even the infants. He places one hand on the person's chest, one on his or her back, and flutters his hands. The !Kung believe that in this way he draws the sickness, real or potential, out of the person through his own arms into himself... Finally, the medicine man throws up his arms to cast the sickness out, hurling it into the darkness back to Gauwa or the gauwasi, who are there beyond the firelight, with a harp, yelping cry of "Kai Kai Kai."[8]Loma Marshall does not give any information as to whether or not the dance is successful in curing the patient but says that it purges the people's emotions for their "support and solace and hope."
Traditional medicinal practitioners
Many traditional medicinal practitioners are people without education, who have rather received knowledge of medicinal plants and their effects on the human body from their forebears.
They have a deep and personal involvement in the healing process and protect the therapeutic knowledge by keeping it a secret.
Successful Cesarean section performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, Uganda. As observed by R. W. Felkin in 1879.
In a manner similar to orthodox medicinal practice, the practitioners of traditional medicine specialize in particular areas of their profession. Some, such as the inyangas of Swaziland are experts in herbalism, whilst others, such as the South African sangomas, are experts in spiritual healing as diviners, and others specialize in a combination of both forms of practice. There are also traditional bone setters and birth attendants.
Herbalists are becoming more and more popular in Africa with an emerging herb trading market in Durban that is said to attract between 700,000 and 900,000 traders per year from South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Smaller trade markets exist in virtually every community.
Their knowledge of herbs has been invaluable in African communities and they were the only ones who could gather them in most societies. Midwives also make extensive use of indigenous plants to aid childbirth. African healers commonly "describe and explain illness in terms of social interaction and act on the belief that religion permeates every aspect of human existence."
Payments
Traditional healers, like any other profession, are rewarded for their services. In African societies, the payment for a treatment depends on its efficacy.
They do not request payment until after the treatment is given. This is another reason many prefer traditional healers to western doctors who require payment before the patient has assessed the effectiveness of the treatment.
The payment methods have changed over time, with many practitioners now asking for monetary payment, especially in urban settings, rather than their receiving good in exchange, as happened formerly.
Learning the trade
Some healers learn the trade through personal experience while being treated as a patient who decide to become healers upon recovery. Others become traditional practitioners through a "spiritual calling" and, therefore, their diagnoses and treatments are decided through the supernatural.
In some cultures, a sign of calling can come from mental disarrangement said to be caused by agwu Nshi, the spirit of divining, through which the healer gains inspiration. Through this training, psychological stability is eventually attained.
Another route is receive the knowledge and skills passed down informally from a close family member such as a father or uncle, or even a mother or aunt in the case of midwives. Apprenticeship to an established practitioner, who formally teaches the trade over a long period of time and is paid for their tutoring, is another route to becoming a healer.
The training is complex, depending on the kind of medical practice that the aspiring practitioner wants to be a part of. Once the trainee is officially initiated as a healer, they are, in some societies, considered to be half-man and half spirit, possessing the power to mediate between the human and supernatural world to invoke spiritual power in their healing processes.
Importance
In Africa, the importance of traditional healers and remedies made from indigenous plants play a crucial role in the health of millions. According to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), one estimate puts the number of Africans who routinely use these services for primary health care as high as 85% in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The relative ratios of traditional practitioners and university trained doctors in relation to the whole population in African countries showcases this importance. For example, in Ghana, in Kwahu district, for every traditional practitioner there are 224 people, against one university trained doctor for nearly 21,000. In Swaziland, the same situation applies, where for every healer there are 110 people whereas for every university trained doctor there are 10,000 people.
According to Nairobi-based specialist in biodiversity and traditional medicine with the IDRC Francois Gasengayire, there is one healer for every 200 people in the Southern Africa region which is a much greater doctor-to-patient ratio than is found in North America.
Ratios of doctors (practicing Western medicine) and traditional medical practitioners to patients in east and southern Africa:[2]
*TMP refers to Traditional Medical Practitioner
Note: References with an asterisk are in Cunningham, 1993.[2]
This table showing the ratio of traditional medical practitioner to patient and Western practitioner to patient shows that in many parts of Africa, practitioners trained in Western medicine are few and far between. Because of this, healers prove to be a large and influential group in primary health care and an integral part of the African culture and are required for the health of its people. Without them, many people would go untreated.
Medications and treatments that Western pharmaceutical companies manufacture are far too costly and not available widely enough for most Africans. Many rural African communities are not able to afford the high price of pharmaceuticals and can not readily obtain them even if they were affordable; therefore, healers are their only means of medical help.
According to Dr. Sekagya Yahaya Hills, who is a university-trained dentist and a traditional healer in Uganda, there are promising signs that some of the plant-based remedies offered by medicine-men are not just affordable, but also effective, even in treating AIDS.
Dr. Hills read his Declaration of Traditional Healers at the 13th International Conference on AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Africa, which summarized the important role of traditional medicine, stating: "As traditional healers, we are the most trusted and accessible health care providers in our communities.
We have varied and valuable experience in treating AIDS-related illness and accept the great responsibility of continuing to do so."
Because this form of medicine is "the most affordable and accessible system of health care for the majority of the African rural population," the African Union declared 2001 to 2010 to be the Decade for African Traditional Medicine with the goal of making "safe, efficacious, quality, and affordable traditional medicines available to the vast majority of the people."
Relationship with Western medicine
Although Western medicine is successful in developed countries, it doesn't have the same positive impact in many of the underdeveloped African countries. Though Western practices can make an impact in health care practices, in certain areas such as in the spread of various diseases, it cannot integrate wholly into the culture and society. This makes the traditional African practitioners a vital part of their health care system.
There are many reasons why the Western medical system does not work in Africa. Hospitals and medical facilities are difficult for many Africans to get to. With vast areas of land and poor road and transportation systems, many native Africans have to travel immense distances on foot to reach help.
Once they arrive they are often required to wait in line for up to 8 hours, especially in urban areas, as the lack of clinics and resources cause over-crowding. Patients are often not told the cause of their illness or much information about it all, so they have no way to prevent or prepare for it. The technology used is usually of poor quality, which affects the quality of treatment.
Western medicine is also too expensive for the average African to afford, making it difficult for them to receive proper care. Finally, Western medicine removes native Africans from the culture and tradition and forces them into a setting that they are not comfortable with, away from their family and traditions which are of utmost importance to them. They do not get the proper spiritual healing that their culture seeks and traditional ideology requires.
However, there has been more interest expressed recently in the effects of some of the medicinal plants of Africa. "The pharmaceutical industry has come to consider traditional medicine as a source for identification of bio-active agents that can be used in the preparation of synthetic medicine."
Pharmaceutical industries are looking into the medicinal effects of the most commonly and widely used plants to use in drugs.
It's apparent that there are some things that can be learned from traditional African practice. In comparing the techniques of African healers and Western techniques, Dr. T. Adeoze Lambo, a Nigerian psychiatrist, stated, "At about three years ago, we made an evaluation, a programme of their work, and compared this with our own, and we discovered that actually they were scoring almost sixty percent success in their treatment of neurosis. And we were scoring forty percent-in fact, less than forty percent."
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
http://www.profmuluka.com/traditional-healer.html
info@profmuluka.com
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Friday, 23 August 2013
Lost love spells
Lost love spells to help you get back together with a long lost lover. My lost love spells
can return a lost lover even if they have moved on to another relationship.
My lost love spells have worked for many they will work for you. If you want to get back together with a ex-girl friend or ex-boy friend my lost love spells can work for you.
If your lost lover is already married my lost lover spells can also work for you, by banishing the current marriage. My lost love spells will then create an eternal bond between you and your past lover attracting them to you so that you get back together.
Call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 for lost love spells
www.profmuluka.com
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
Email : info@profmuluka.com
Tel :
+256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
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Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
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My lost love spells have worked for many they will work for you. If you want to get back together with a ex-girl friend or ex-boy friend my lost love spells can work for you.
If your lost lover is already married my lost lover spells can also work for you, by banishing the current marriage. My lost love spells will then create an eternal bond between you and your past lover attracting them to you so that you get back together.
Call Prof Muluka on +256 77 367 2940 for lost love spells
www.profmuluka.com
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
Email : info@profmuluka.com
Tel :
+256 77 367 2940 Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
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Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
Love spells
Love spells to return a lover, love spells to make someone fall in
love with you, love spells to stop divorce.
Prof Muluka has powerful love spells to help you find love, get married and love spells to solve marriage problems
Love spells to solve relationship commitment issues for those lover who have a partner with fear to commit to a relationship or marriage. Love spells for a lover with marriage committment problems and love spells to make someone loyal and faithful in a relationship or marriage
If you have love problems, relationship problems or marriage problems call Prof Muluka on+256 77 367 2940 for healing. Spells for love to help you find true love and protect the new love you have found. Love spells to bring back a ex-lover or attract a new lover or love spells to prevent a divorce.
Are you still in love with your ex-lover, get a bring back lost lover spell.Prof Muluka has lost love spells to bring back a ex-husband, ex-wife, ex-girl friend or ex-husband.Soul mate love spells to help you find your soul mate. Soul mate love spells to make your soulmate commit to marriage. Marry me love spells to get someone to commit to marriage. In a relationship without a marriage because of committment issues order marry me love spells to get married .
Love spells by Prof Muluka
Prof Muluka has powerful love spells to help you find love, get married and love spells to solve marriage problems
Love spells to solve relationship commitment issues for those lover who have a partner with fear to commit to a relationship or marriage. Love spells for a lover with marriage committment problems and love spells to make someone loyal and faithful in a relationship or marriage
If you have love problems, relationship problems or marriage problems call Prof Muluka on
+256 77 367 2940 for healing. Spells for love to help you find true love and protect the new love you have found. Love spells to bring back a ex-lover or attract a new lover or love spells to prevent a divorce.Are you still in love with your ex-lover, get a bring back lost lover spell.Prof Muluka has lost love spells to bring back a ex-husband, ex-wife, ex-girl friend or ex-husband.Soul mate love spells to help you find your soul mate. Soul mate love spells to make your soulmate commit to marriage. Marry me love spells to get someone to commit to marriage. In a relationship without a marriage because of committment issues order marry me love spells to get married .
Love spells by Prof Muluka
Prof Muluka
Prof Muluka is traditional healer & psychic who can help improve your life with spiritual healing, love spells,
money spells, witchcraft spells, spells of magic & business spells.
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer, sangoma and herbalist with lost love spells, curse removal spells, protection spells, herbs, breast enlargement creams and penis enlargement creams
Solve your problems today! My spells are guaranteed to change your life for the better! My spells make your dreams a reality!
Prof Muluka is the solution to all you health problems, money problems, business problems, job problems, curse removal, spiritual healing, traditional healing, psychic readings.
Prof Muluka is a powerful healer, i provide spiritual healing and physical healing for those in sickness. Where others have failed with your problems is where I will succed with my healing powers that have been tested by time.
Prof Muluka is one of the most famous and most visited traditional healer, sangoma and herbalist in the world for his powerful healing abilities that have helped thousands in the world.
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer with powerful traditional healing herbs, traditional healing spells, traditional healing powers and traditional healing powers.
Traditional healing to help you with life problems, health problems and achieve success
Remove curses, protect yourself, protect your assets and get rid of eveil spirits with my traditional healing powers.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
Email : info@profmuluka.com
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer, sangoma and herbalist with lost love spells, curse removal spells, protection spells, herbs, breast enlargement creams and penis enlargement creams
Solve your problems today! My spells are guaranteed to change your life for the better! My spells make your dreams a reality!
Prof Muluka is the solution to all you health problems, money problems, business problems, job problems, curse removal, spiritual healing, traditional healing, psychic readings.
Prof Muluka is a powerful healer, i provide spiritual healing and physical healing for those in sickness. Where others have failed with your problems is where I will succed with my healing powers that have been tested by time.
Prof Muluka is one of the most famous and most visited traditional healer, sangoma and herbalist in the world for his powerful healing abilities that have helped thousands in the world.
Prof Muluka is a traditional healer with powerful traditional healing herbs, traditional healing spells, traditional healing powers and traditional healing powers.
Traditional healing to help you with life problems, health problems and achieve success
Remove curses, protect yourself, protect your assets and get rid of eveil spirits with my traditional healing powers.
Prof Muluka
www.profmuluka.com
Email : info@profmuluka.com
Tel : +256 77 367 2940
Love spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/love-spells.html
Witchcraft spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/witchcraft-spells.html
Protection spells by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/protection-spells.html
Herbal healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/herbal-healing.html
Spiritual healing by Prof Muluka http://www.profmuluka.com/spiritual-healing.html
Money spells http://www.profmuluka.com/money-spells.html
Psychic reading http://www.profmuluka.com/psychic-reading.html
Lotto spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lotto-spells.html
Marriage spells http://www.profmuluka.com/marriage-spells.html
Lost love spells http://www.profmuluka.com/lost-love-spells.html
Penis enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/penis-enlargement-creams.html
Breast enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/breast-enlargement-creams.html
Premature ejaculation herbal remedies http://www.profmuluka.com/premature-ejaculation-herbal-remedies.html
Vagina tightening creams http://www.profmuluka.com/vaginal-tightening-creams.html
Hip enlargement creams http://www.profmuluka.com/hip-enlargement-creams.html
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